Evenden J L, Robbins T W
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1983;79(2-3):180-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00427808.
The role of reinforcers in influencing choice was studied by use of a schedule that included a random intermixing of reinforced and explicitly non-reinforced components. The just-reinforced response had a high likelihood of being repeated (win-stay), although there was no differential reinforcement for doing so, whereas responses just followed by explicit non-reinforcement had a very low probability of repetition (lose-stay). Non-parametric indices based on the theory of signal detection were used to derive a choice measure of reinforcement which was independent of alterations in average response rate. Treatments with d-amphetamine (0.2-4.5 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (0.25-16 mg/kg) and alpha-flupenthixol (0.03-0.6 mg/kg) showed that changes in the choice measure could be dissociated from changes in the response rate. These findings were supported by extinction and satiation tests.
通过使用一种包含强化和明确非强化成分随机混合的程序，研究了强化物在影响选择方面的作用。刚得到强化的反应有很高的重复可能性（赢则停留），尽管这样做并没有差别强化，而紧接着明确非强化的反应重复的概率非常低（输则停留）。基于信号检测理论的非参数指标被用于得出一种独立于平均反应率变化的强化选择测量方法。用右旋苯丙胺（0.2 - 4.5毫克/千克）、氯氮卓（0.25 - 16毫克/千克）和α-氟哌噻吨（0.03 - 0.6毫克/千克）进行的处理表明，选择测量的变化可以与反应率的变化区分开来。这些发现得到了消退和饱足测试的支持。
