Zerbe R L, Robertson G L
Am J Physiol. 1983 Jun;244(6):E607-14. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1983.244.6.E607.
Various hypertonic solutions were infused in healthy human volunteers to determine their effect on thirst and vasopressin secretion. Hypertonic saline and mannitol produced prompt and parallel increases in plasma osmolality and vasopressin concentration. For both of these solutes, there was a high degree of correlation between these measurements. The slope describing this relationship varied considerably between individuals, but the same subjects showed similar slopes with either saline or mannitol. Both solutions stimulated thirst. Hypertonic urea infusions produced a comparable rise in osmolality but produced a smaller increase in plasma vasopressin and stimulated thirst in only one of the subjects. With urea, the correlation between plasma osmolality and vasopressin was significantly lower. Within individuals, the slope describing this relationship was significantly correlated with that seen during hypertonic saline. Hypertonic glucose significantly increased plasma osmolality but decreased plasma vasopressin and had no detectable effect on thirst. We conclude that osmoregulation of vasopressin in humans is mediated by a selective osmoreceptor that is located primarily outside of the blood-brain barrier and that individual differences in osmoregulatory sensitivity are not solute specific.
向健康人类志愿者输注各种高渗溶液，以确定它们对口渴和抗利尿激素分泌的影响。高渗盐水和甘露醇可使血浆渗透压和抗利尿激素浓度迅速且平行升高。对于这两种溶质，这些测量值之间存在高度相关性。描述这种关系的斜率在个体之间差异很大，但同一受试者使用盐水或甘露醇时显示出相似的斜率。两种溶液均刺激口渴。输注高渗尿素可使渗透压有类似升高，但血浆抗利尿激素升高幅度较小，且仅在一名受试者中刺激了口渴。对于尿素，血浆渗透压与抗利尿激素之间的相关性显著较低。在个体内部，描述这种关系的斜率与高渗盐水期间观察到的斜率显著相关。高渗葡萄糖显著增加血浆渗透压，但降低血浆抗利尿激素，且对口渴无明显影响。我们得出结论，人类抗利尿激素的渗透调节由主要位于血脑屏障之外的选择性渗透压感受器介导，且渗透调节敏感性的个体差异并非溶质特异性的。
