Isolation and pharmacological characterization of vernolepin.

Vernolepin, a sesquiterpene lactone, was isolated from the dried fruit of Vernonia amygdalina Del. The different steps used during the extraction were: continuous extraction with chloroform, partition of the chloroform-extract between pertroleum ether and 10% aqueous methanol, column chromatography of the methanol extract, isolation of the active fractions by pharmacological and chemical characterization. Vernolepine was obtained as colorless prisms and identified by melting point, uv, ir, 1H nmr, optical rotation, and mass spectrometry. The total content of the dried fruit was 0.09% vernolepin. The first pharmacological characterization of vernolepin revealed: (1) a competitive antagonism against histamine in guinea pig ileum (pA2 = 5.61; 15 min incubation); (2) a biphasic enhancement/inhibition of coaxial stimulation of guinea pig ileum; (3) an antiaggregating and disaggregating activity against rabbit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (1 X 10(-4) g/ml; 3.3 X 10(-4)M) or ADP (4 X 10(-6) g/ml; 1 X 10(-5)M) without inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase. All these reactions were time dependent and occurred at concentrations of 5 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-5) g/ml vernolepin (1.8 to 3.5 X 10(-5)M).