McArdle C R, Seibel M, Weinstein F, Hann L E, Nickerson C, Taymor M L
Radiology. 1983 Sep;148(3):809-12. doi: 10.1148/radiology.148.3.6410452.
Eighty menstrual cycles were induced by the administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), and the induction of ovulation was evaluated by serial ultrasound scanning. Ovulation occurred in 57 of these cycles, and pregnancy occurred in 17 patients. No pregnancy occurred if the follicle size was below 15 mm at the time that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered. A 15-mm follicle size is, therefore, regarded as a minimum size for a mature ovum. Multiple follicles were present in seven of the cycles where pregnancy occurred, but only two patients had multiple pregnancies. Ovarian hyperstimulation (OHS), which is characterized by cystic ovarian enlargement of greater than 5 cm after ovulation, was present in 25 cycles. This is a considerably higher incidence than previously documented, but since it is not possible to predict reliably its occurrence, and in no patients were the symptoms severe, it is considered an acceptable and inevitable sequela of ovulation induction. The present role of ultrasound is to establish whether the ovary responds to gonadotropin stimulation, to ensure that the follicle has reached a minimum size, to determine the number of preovulatory follicles to inform better the patient about the possibilities of multiple pregnancies, to establish that ovulation has occurred after administration of hCG, and to document the presence or absence of OHS.
通过注射人绝经期促性腺激素（hMG）诱导了80个月经周期，并通过连续超声扫描评估排卵诱导情况。这些周期中有57个发生了排卵，17名患者怀孕。如果在注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）时卵泡大小低于15毫米，则不会发生怀孕。因此，15毫米的卵泡大小被视为成熟卵子的最小尺寸。在发生怀孕的周期中有7个存在多个卵泡，但只有两名患者怀有多胎妊娠。卵巢过度刺激（OHS），其特征为排卵后卵巢囊性增大超过5厘米，在25个周期中出现。这一发生率比以前记录的要高得多，但由于无法可靠地预测其发生，且没有患者症状严重，因此它被认为是排卵诱导可接受且不可避免的后遗症。超声目前的作用是确定卵巢是否对促性腺激素刺激有反应，确保卵泡达到最小尺寸，确定排卵前卵泡的数量以便更好地告知患者多胎妊娠的可能性，确定注射hCG后是否发生排卵，以及记录是否存在卵巢过度刺激。
