Hoebel B G, Monaco A P, Hernandez L, Aulisi E F, Stanley B G, Lenard L
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1983;81(2):158-63. doi: 10.1007/BF00429012.
Rats learned to self-administer d-amphetamine (10 micrograms/microliter) through a cannula implanted in the nucleus accumbens. They responded more frequently for 65 +/- 15 nl of amphetamine than for equal amounts of saline. When presented with two levers (one amphetamine, one blank) they responded more on the correct lever for amphetamine. They would also switch levers, when necessary, to maintain access to the drug. When half the usual drug intake was given automatically, animals reduced their response rate by half, thus self-regulating the total amount of amphetamine they received. In tests for leakage into the ventricles, eight rats that self-injected with an accumbens cannula showed response extinction when switched to a ventricular cannula. We conclude that amphetamine self-injected into the accumbens is a positive reinforcer. This localization of 'amphetamine reward' suggests that the nucleus accumbens contains a synaptic mechanism underlying amphetamine abuse and, perhaps, also natural reinforcement of behavior.
大鼠通过植入伏隔核的套管学会自行注射右旋苯丙胺（10微克/微升）。与等量生理盐水相比，它们对65±15纳升苯丙胺的反应更频繁。当提供两个杠杆（一个用于苯丙胺，一个为空）时，它们对正确的苯丙胺杠杆反应更多。必要时，它们也会切换杠杆以维持药物获取。当自动给予通常药物摄入量的一半时，动物将其反应率降低一半，从而自我调节所接受的苯丙胺总量。在脑室渗漏测试中，八只通过伏隔核套管自行注射的大鼠在切换到脑室套管时出现反应消退。我们得出结论，注入伏隔核的苯丙胺是一种正性强化物。“苯丙胺奖赏”的这种定位表明，伏隔核含有一种突触机制，是苯丙胺滥用的基础，或许也是行为自然强化的基础。
