Schraufnagel D E, Leech J A, Schraufnagel M N, Pollak B
Can Med Assoc J. 1984 Jan 1;130(1):34-8.
The success of short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis, the similarity between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. kansasii and the effectiveness of rifampin against the latter organism prompted a comparison of the diseases due to these organisms to assess the feasibility of a prospective trial of short-course chemotherapy in patients with mycobacteriosis kansasii. The two groups of patients were matched for age, sex and time of diagnosis. The patients with mycobacteriosis kansasii more frequently had underlying obstructive pulmonary disease. The clinical course of mycobacteriosis kansasii was more indolent, with a slower rate of improvement according to the chest x-ray films and a longer time before sputum smears and cultures became negative. M. kansasii was significantly more resistant to all the antibiotics, including rifampin. Although these differences from tuberculosis suggest that an equally short course of therapy may not be effective for patients with mycobacteriosis kansasii, the outcome was good in compliant patients who were given the three most effective major drugs for 12 months after the sputum smears and cultures had become negative. Therefore, a trial of modified short-course chemotherapy is recommended for patients with mycobacteriosis kansasii.
结核病短程化疗的成功、结核分枝杆菌与堪萨斯分枝杆菌的相似性以及利福平对后者的有效性，促使人们对由这些病原体引起的疾病进行比较，以评估对堪萨斯分枝杆菌病患者进行短程化疗前瞻性试验的可行性。两组患者在年龄、性别和诊断时间上进行了匹配。堪萨斯分枝杆菌病患者更常伴有潜在的阻塞性肺部疾病。堪萨斯分枝杆菌病的临床病程较为隐匿，根据胸部X线片显示改善速度较慢，痰涂片和培养转阴所需时间更长。堪萨斯分枝杆菌对包括利福平在内的所有抗生素的耐药性明显更强。尽管与结核病的这些差异表明同样短疗程的治疗可能对堪萨斯分枝杆菌病患者无效，但对于痰涂片和培养转阴后接受三种最有效的主要药物治疗12个月的依从性患者，治疗效果良好。因此，建议对堪萨斯分枝杆菌病患者进行改良短程化疗试验。
