Diagnostic and therapeutic management of atypical mycobacterial infections in children.

A series of 12 children (9 girls, 3 boys) with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis was reviewed to define the most frequent presenting features, helpful diagnostic measures and optimal management. The mean age at diagnosis was 42 months and cervical nodes in the submandibular region were most commonly affected. In most of the children the diagnosis was made on the basis of a positive intradermal skin test with specific antigens for atypical mycobacteria. The diagnosis was confirmed in all but one case by histopathologic examination. Total excision of the affected gland was recommended as the therapy of choice in the patients treated.