Wiholm B E, Mortimer O, Boethius G, Häggström J E
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Feb 18;288(6416):545-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6416.545.
Eleven cases of tardive dyskinesia associated with metoclopramide have been reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee from 1977 to 1981, 10 of which developed during the past three years. All patients were women, with a mean age of 76 years. Median duration of treatment before the onset of symptoms was 14 months. Calculated from total drug sales and prescription statistics the incidence of tardive dyskinesia during treatment with metoclopramide was estimated to be one in 2000-2800 treatment years. Extrapolation of data on long term treatment (more than six months) of patients aged 70 years or more, from a survey based on individual prescriptions yielded an incidence of more than one in a 1000 patients. Long term treatment with metoclopramide is accompanied by a substantial risk of developing tardive dyskinesia especially among elderly people.
1977年至1981年期间，有11例与甲氧氯普胺相关的迟发性运动障碍病例报告给了瑞典药物不良反应咨询委员会，其中10例是在过去三年中出现的。所有患者均为女性，平均年龄76岁。症状出现前的中位治疗时间为14个月。根据药品总销售额和处方统计数据计算，甲氧氯普胺治疗期间迟发性运动障碍的发病率估计为每2000 - 2800治疗年出现1例。根据一项基于个人处方的调查，对70岁及以上患者进行长期治疗（超过6个月）的数据进行外推，得出发病率超过千分之一。甲氧氯普胺的长期治疗伴随着发生迟发性运动障碍的重大风险，尤其是在老年人中。
