Sewell D D, Jeste D V
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
Arch Fam Med. 1992 Nov;1(2):271-8. doi: 10.1001/archfami.1.2.271.
To summarize information regarding the frequency, risk factors, clinical characteristics, treatment, and course of metoclopramide hydrochloride-associated tardive dyskinesia obtained from an analysis of 67 case reports.
All the case reports of metoclopramide-associated tardive dyskinesia involving human patients in the literature in English obtained by using Index Medicus and Med-Search. The indexing terms used were as follows: metoclopramide, tardive dyskinesia, dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and extrapyramidal side effects.
For a patient to be included, the main published research criteria had to be met based on the information provided. These criteria included exposure to metoclopramide for at least 30 days before the onset of dyskinesia. Fifty-two patients met these criteria.
One author independently extracted the data.
The incidence and prevalence of tardive dyskinesia associated with metoclopramide have not been well studied. The mean (+/- SD) length of treatment with metoclopramide before the onset of symptoms was 20 +/- 15 months. The most common location of the dyskinetic movements was the face (28 [60%] of 47) followed by the tongue (21 [45%] of 47). In 15 (71%) of 21 patients on whom long-term follow-up was provided, the symptoms were still present 6 months or more after discontinuation of metoclopramide.
Persistent tardive dyskinesia is a serious potential side effect associated with metoclopramide treatment.
通过对67例病例报告的分析，总结有关盐酸甲氧氯普胺相关性迟发性运动障碍的发生频率、危险因素、临床特征、治疗及病程的信息。
使用医学索引和医学搜索获取英文文献中所有涉及人类患者的甲氧氯普胺相关性迟发性运动障碍的病例报告。使用的索引词如下：甲氧氯普胺、迟发性运动障碍、运动障碍、帕金森综合征及锥体外系副作用。
要纳入一名患者，必须根据提供的信息满足主要已发表的研究标准。这些标准包括在运动障碍发作前至少30天接触过甲氧氯普胺。52例患者符合这些标准。
由一位作者独立提取数据。
与甲氧氯普胺相关的迟发性运动障碍的发病率和患病率尚未得到充分研究。症状发作前使用甲氧氯普胺治疗的平均（±标准差）时长为20±15个月。运动障碍最常见的部位是面部（47例中的28例[60%]），其次是舌头（47例中的21例[45%]）。在提供长期随访的21例患者中，有15例（71%）在停用甲氧氯普胺6个月或更长时间后症状仍存在。
持续性迟发性运动障碍是与甲氧氯普胺治疗相关的一种严重潜在副作用。
