Donoso J A, Illanes J P, Samson F
Brain Res. 1977 Jan 21;120(2):287-301. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90907-6.
The axonal microtubules (MT) are believed to be involved in fast axonal transport (FAXT). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has a strong stabilizing action on MT in vitro which may account for some of its reported biological effects. DMSO at concentrations of 5% disrupts the FAXT in a high percentage of axons emanating from the nodosum ganglion in the cat vagus nerve. Whereas 5% DMSO does not affect the FAXT in all axons, 10% DMSO blocks all the FAXT. The blockage is substantially, but not completely, reversed by washing the vagus for 2 h. DMSO at 2% caused no discernible change in either the FAXT or the axonal morphology, but some swelling of glial cells occurred. Ultrastructurally, 10% DMSO caused some axons to swell and others to shrink. The MT appeared normal and their total number per axon did not change. The spatial relationship of the axonal constituents is clearly altered by the DMSO and this may have contributed to the failure of the transport. It is suggested that the DMSO, through strengthening the forces involved in polymerization, renders them non-functional for FAXT.
轴突微管（MT）被认为参与快速轴突运输（FAXT）。二甲基亚砜（DMSO）在体外对微管有很强的稳定作用，这可能解释了其一些报道的生物学效应。浓度为5%的DMSO会破坏猫迷走神经中结节神经节发出的大部分轴突中的FAXT。虽然5%的DMSO不会影响所有轴突中的FAXT，但10%的DMSO会阻断所有的FAXT。通过冲洗迷走神经2小时，这种阻断作用可得到显著但不完全的逆转。2%的DMSO对FAXT或轴突形态均未引起明显变化，但胶质细胞出现了一些肿胀。在超微结构上，10%的DMSO导致一些轴突肿胀，另一些轴突收缩。微管看起来正常，每个轴突中微管的总数没有变化。DMSO明显改变了轴突成分的空间关系，这可能导致了运输功能的丧失。有人认为，DMSO通过增强参与聚合的力量，使其对FAXT失去功能。
