Gorman J M, Askanazi J, Liebowitz M R, Fyer A J, Stein J, Kinney J M, Klein D F
Am J Psychiatry. 1984 Jul;141(7):857-61. doi: 10.1176/ajp.141.7.857.
Twelve patients with DSM-III diagnoses of panic disorder and four normal volunteers were studied during hyperventilation of room air and increased ventilation stimulated by 5% CO2. Patients also underwent sodium lactate infusion. Eight of the patients had a panic attack during sodium lactate infusion, seven during CO2 inhalation, and three during room-air hyperventilation. Since CO2 increases the firing of the locus ceruleus, and since sodium lactate infusion is known to increase cerebral CO2, these findings are consistent with other evidence implicating the locus ceruleus in panic anxiety.
对12名被诊断患有惊恐障碍的DSM-III患者和4名正常志愿者在室内空气过度换气以及由5%二氧化碳刺激的通气增加期间进行了研究。患者还接受了乳酸钠输注。8名患者在乳酸钠输注期间出现惊恐发作，7名在吸入二氧化碳期间出现，3名在室内空气过度换气期间出现。由于二氧化碳会增加蓝斑的放电，并且已知乳酸钠输注会增加脑内二氧化碳，这些发现与其他表明蓝斑与惊恐焦虑有关的证据一致。
