重症监护病房中儿童的营养支持。
Nutritional support of children in the intensive care unit.
作者信息
Seashore J H
出版信息
Yale J Biol Med. 1984 Mar-Apr;57(2):111-34.
Nutritional support is an integral and essential part of the management of 5-10 percent of hospitalized children. Children in the intensive care unit are particularly likely to develop malnutrition because of the nature and duration of their illness, and their inability to eat by mouth. This article reviews the physiology of starvation and the development of malnutrition in children. A method of estimating the nutritional requirements of children is presented. The techniques of nutritional support, including enteral, peripheral, and central parenteral nutrition are discussed in detail. Appropriate formulas are given for different age groups. Electrolyte, vitamin, and mineral supplements are discussed. Guidelines are provided for choosing between peripheral and central total parenteral nutrition. A monitoring protocol is suggested and complications of nutritional therapy are reviewed. Safe and effective nutritional support requires considerable investment of time and effort by members of the nutrition team.
营养支持是5%至10%住院儿童治疗中不可或缺且至关重要的一部分。重症监护病房的儿童由于疾病的性质和持续时间以及无法经口进食，特别容易发生营养不良。本文回顾了儿童饥饿的生理学以及营养不良的发展情况。介绍了一种估算儿童营养需求的方法。详细讨论了营养支持技术，包括肠内营养、外周静脉营养和中心静脉肠外营养。给出了不同年龄组的合适配方。讨论了电解质、维生素和矿物质补充剂。提供了在外周静脉营养和中心静脉全肠外营养之间进行选择的指南。提出了一个监测方案并回顾了营养治疗的并发症。安全有效的营养支持需要营养团队成员投入大量的时间和精力。
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