Planning community-oriented primary care in Israel.

The concept of primary care in the Kupat Holim Health Insurance Institution encompasses all the stages of health: the promotion of health, personal preventive care, curative care, and rehabilitation in the community. Primary care is, thus, the foundation of this nationwide comprehensive health insurance and health care delivery system; Kupat Holim covers 3.2 million people, close to 80 percent of Israel's total population in 1983. Primary care clinics in the community are the main focus of care and have undergone changes in the types of health care providers and functions as population characteristics change. In this system, the planning process allows constant review of changing needs and demands and the introduction of new functions. The main approaches to planning primary care that are presented deal with team members and the division of work in the community clinic, manpower training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, and the content of primary care. Current trends include the extension of services provided to the patient in his home as well as the clinic and greater emphasis on preventive care. The interrelationship between policy and planning for primary care is strengthened by the linkage between financer, provider, and consumer in Kupat Holim. The planning process must make optimal use of this linkage to guide those responsible for health policy in implementing effective change.