Castaneda-Zuniga W R, Janata V, Beranek I, Amplatz K
Rev Interam Radiol. 1978 Jan;3(1):21-6.
The effect of mannitol infusion on the renal physiology, was evaluated in experimental animals and in man. In animals plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were determined by the PAH extraction and by the innulin clearance technique. In patients renal blood flow measurements were carried out using the Xenon133 washout technique. Baseline studies were obtained and repeated following the intravenous infusion of 20% mannitol. A significant increase in total renal blood flow could be demonstrated in experimental animals, but only a minimal increase of total flow was demonstrated in man following the infusion of mannitol. This observation suggests that the diuretic effect of mannitol is very likely due to the osmotic effect in the tubule causing increased interstitial renal pressure rather than by an increase of actual renal blood flow. This observation is supported by the clinical experience that mannitol remains a powerful diuretic in even hypotensive patients with low renal blood flow.
在实验动物和人体中评估了输注甘露醇对肾脏生理学的影响。在动物中，通过对氨基马尿酸（PAH）提取法和菊粉清除技术来测定血浆流量和肾小球滤过率。在患者中，使用氙133洗脱技术进行肾血流量测量。在静脉输注20%甘露醇之前和之后进行了基线研究并重复测量。在实验动物中可证明总肾血流量显著增加，但在人体输注甘露醇后仅显示总血流量有极小增加。这一观察结果表明，甘露醇的利尿作用很可能是由于肾小管中的渗透作用导致肾间质压力增加，而非实际肾血流量增加。即使是肾血流量低的低血压患者，甘露醇仍是一种强效利尿剂，这一临床经验支持了这一观察结果。
