Wright B A
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1980 Feb;61(2):59-64.
Four factors are examined that deflect attention away from environmental considerations in accounting for a person's behavior. The factors are (a) proximity between person and behavior, (b) saliency of person as figure, environment as background, (c) covariation of behavior with person or situation, (d) position of the person as insider (actor) or outsider (observer). Theory, research and examples are brought to bear on the attribution analysis. Five recommendations are offered to check flawed human perception when engaging in a helping relationship.
研究了四个在解释一个人的行为时使注意力从环境因素上转移开的因素。这些因素包括：(a) 人与行为之间的接近性；(b) 人作为主体、环境作为背景的显著性；(c) 行为与人或情境的共变关系；(d) 人作为内部人（行动者）或外部人（观察者）的地位。理论、研究和实例被应用于归因分析。文中提出了五条建议，以在建立帮助关系时检查有缺陷的人类认知。
