Involving parents in special programming.

Parent programming is defined as direct services to parents which may include assistance in managing personal or family life as well as assistance in developing knowledge, skills and attitudes. The content and methodology of parent programming should be based on the beliefs and assumptions of both parents and professionals. Competency-based programming is presented as a promising approach to improving parent competence. Results of initial studies in parent competency identification, prioritization and assessment are discussed along with procedures for instructional programming.