Miyata T, Yasunaga T
J Mol Evol. 1980 Sep;16(1):23-36. doi: 10.1007/BF01732067.
A method for estimating the evolutionary rates of synonymous and amino acid substitutions from homologous nucleotide sequences is presented. This method is applied to genes of phi X174 and G4 genomes, histone genes and beta-globin genes, for which homologous nucleotide sequences are available for comparison to be made. It is shown that the rates of synonymous substitutions are quite uniform among the non-overlapping genes of phi X174 and G4 and among histone genes H4, H2B, H3 and H2A. A comparison between phi X174 and G4 reveals that, in the overlapping segments of the A-gene, the rate of synonymous substitution is reduced more significantly than the rate of amino acid substitution relative to the corresponding rate in the non-overlapping segment. It is also suggested that, in the coding region surrounding the splicing points of intervening sequences of beta-globin genes, there exist rigid secondary structures. It is in only these regions that the beta-globin genes show the slowing down of evolutionary rates of both synonymous and amino acid substitutions in the primate line.
本文提出了一种从同源核苷酸序列估计同义替换和氨基酸替换进化速率的方法。该方法应用于φX174和G4基因组的基因、组蛋白基因以及β-珠蛋白基因，这些基因有同源核苷酸序列可供比较。结果表明，同义替换率在φX174和G4的非重叠基因之间以及组蛋白基因H4、H2B、H3和H2A之间相当一致。φX174和G4之间的比较表明，在A基因的重叠区段，相对于非重叠区段的相应速率，同义替换率比氨基酸替换率降低得更显著。还表明，在β-珠蛋白基因间隔序列剪接点周围的编码区存在刚性二级结构。只有在这些区域，β-珠蛋白基因在灵长类谱系中同义替换和氨基酸替换的进化速率才会减慢。
