Kisliuk R L
Mol Cell Biochem. 1981 Sep 25;39:331-45. doi: 10.1007/BF00232583.
Reduced derivatives of the vitamin pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid) are essential coenzymes for the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides, methionine, thymidylate and for many other enzyme catalyzed reactions involving the transfer, oxidation and reduction of single carbon units. Pteroylglutamic acid is found in tissues in the form of poly-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of varying chain length. The present review covers the detection, distribution, synthesis, degradation, coenzyme function and inhibitory activities of pteroyl-gamma-glutamates. The biosynthesis and inhibitory activities of poly-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of methotrexate, an analog of pteroylglutamic acid having antitumor activity, are also considered. An hypothesis on the coenzymatic role of pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamates in the coordination of sequential enzymatic steps in the metabolism of single carbon units is presented.
维生素蝶酰谷氨酸（叶酸）的还原衍生物是嘌呤核苷酸、甲硫氨酸、胸苷酸生物合成以及许多其他涉及单碳单位转移、氧化和还原的酶催化反应所必需的辅酶。蝶酰谷氨酸以不同链长的多聚γ-谷氨酰衍生物形式存在于组织中。本综述涵盖了蝶酰-γ-谷氨酸的检测、分布、合成、降解、辅酶功能和抑制活性。还考虑了甲氨蝶呤（一种具有抗肿瘤活性的蝶酰谷氨酸类似物）的多聚γ-谷氨酰衍生物的生物合成和抑制活性。本文提出了关于蝶酰多聚γ-谷氨酸在单碳单位代谢中连续酶促步骤协调中的辅酶作用的假说。
