DeMarini D M, Plewa M J, Brockman H E
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Jan;9(1):127-40. doi: 10.1080/15287398209530148.
Some ways in which four short-term tests may be used to evaluate the mutagenicity of drinking water were explored by testing raw and treated water from Lake Bloomington, which serves the town of Bloomington, Illinois (population, 44,000). The water was collected from February 1976 to October 1977 and was concentrated by evaporation or by use of XAD-2 resin. The water was tested for the ability to induce reverse mutation in a prokaryote, Salmonella typhimurium; forward mutation in a mold, Neurospora crassa; mitotic gene conversion in a yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and reverse mutation in maize, Zea mays. Because of the large number of water samples (54) and the limited amounts of the samples, it was not possible to test all samples in all four tests by all the protocols. Thus, the sensitivities of the four tests to potential mutagens in the water samples could not be rigorously compared. However, the results do show that lake and tap water samples collected during 1976 were toxic but not mutagenic in N. crassa and neither toxic nor genotoxic in S. cerevisiae; lake water collected during 1977 was mutagenic in one line of Z. mays and slightly mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA1536 in the presence of rat liver S9. The results suggest that tests that detect a variety of genetic end points should be used when testing complex mixtures such as drinking water. The advantages and disadvantages of the tests and protocols are discussed in terms of their applicability to the study of the mutagenicity of drinking water.
通过对伊利诺伊州布卢明顿镇（人口44,000）供水的布卢明顿湖的原水和处理水进行检测，探索了四种短期试验用于评估饮用水致突变性的一些方法。水样采集于1976年2月至1977年10月，并通过蒸发或使用XAD - 2树脂进行浓缩。检测了水样在原核生物鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中诱导回复突变、在霉菌粗糙脉孢菌中诱导正向突变、在酵母酿酒酵母中诱导有丝分裂基因转换以及在玉米中诱导回复突变的能力。由于水样数量众多（54个）且样本量有限，无法按照所有方案对所有样本进行全部四项试验。因此，无法严格比较这四项试验对水样中潜在诱变剂的敏感性。然而，结果确实表明，1976年采集的湖水和自来水样本对粗糙脉孢菌有毒但无致突变性，对酿酒酵母既无毒性也无遗传毒性；1977年采集的湖水在一种玉米品系中具有致突变性，在存在大鼠肝脏S9的情况下对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA1536菌株有轻微致突变性。结果表明，在检测诸如饮用水等复杂混合物时，应使用能够检测多种遗传终点的试验。根据这些试验及其方案对饮用水致突变性研究的适用性，讨论了它们的优缺点。
