Wigle D T, Charlebois E J
Arch Environ Health. 1978 Mar-Apr;33(2):72-8. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1978.10667312.
Five hundred and seventy-four households in Ottawa were surveyed to evaluate water boiled in electric kettles as a source of lead exposure. Samples of boiled water exceeded the World Health Organization mandatory limit for drinking water (50 microgram/l) in 42.5% of the households. Excessive lead concentrations were observed in 62.8% of water samples from kettles more than 5 years old. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age, sex, and cigarette smoking habits, but not lead concentration in boiled water, nor weekly consumption of boiled water were significantly associated with blood-lead concentration. Lead exposure from electric kettles may be a significant problem only in infants receiving formula prepared with boiled water.
对渥太华的574户家庭进行了调查，以评估用电水壶煮的水作为铅暴露源的情况。在42.5%的家庭中，煮水样本超过了世界卫生组织规定的饮用水强制限量（50微克/升）。在使用超过5年的水壶的水样中，62.8%检测到铅浓度过高。多元回归分析表明，年龄、性别和吸烟习惯与血铅浓度显著相关，而煮水中的铅浓度以及每周煮水的消耗量与血铅浓度无关。仅在使用煮水冲泡配方奶的婴儿中，电水壶造成的铅暴露可能是一个重大问题。
