自来水铅含量、水硬度、酒精及香烟对血铅浓度的影响。
Effects of tap water lead, water hardness, alcohol, and cigarettes on blood lead concentrations.
作者信息
Pocock S J, Shaper A G, Walker M, Wale C J, Clayton B, Delves T, Lacey R F, Packham R F, Powell P
出版信息
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1983 Mar;37(1):1-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.37.1.1.
Abstract
A survey of middle-aged men in 24 British towns has found pronounced geographical variation in blood lead concentrations. Towns with the highest mean blood lead concentrations have soft water supplies and have the highest water lead concentrations. Individual blood lead can be considerably increased by raised household tap water lead concentrations. Mean blood lead is estimated to be 43% higher for men when the concentration of lead in first-draw domestic tap water is 100 micrograms/l compared with a zero concentration. Individual blood lead is also affected by alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, such that on average these two life-style habits together contribute an estimated 17% to the blood concentration of lead in middle-aged men. Lead in water should be given greater priority in any national campaign to reduce lead exposure.
摘要
一项针对英国24个城镇中年男性的调查发现，血铅浓度存在明显的地域差异。平均血铅浓度最高的城镇供水水质较软，水中铅含量也最高。家庭自来水铅浓度升高会使个人血铅水平显著增加。与铅浓度为零相比，当家庭首次抽取的自来水铅浓度为100微克/升时，男性的平均血铅估计高出43%。个人血铅水平还受饮酒和吸烟影响，平均而言，这两种生活习惯共同导致中年男性血铅浓度升高约17%。在任何全国性的减少铅暴露运动中，水中铅的问题都应得到更高的重视。
相似文献
1
Effects of tap water lead, water hardness, alcohol, and cigarettes on blood lead concentrations.自来水铅含量、水硬度、酒精及香烟对血铅浓度的影响。
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1983 Mar;37(1):1-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.37.1.1.
2
Effects of alcohol and smoking on blood lead in middle-aged British men.酒精和吸烟对英国中年男性血铅水平的影响。
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Jan 30;284(6312):299-302. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6312.299.
3
Is lead in tap water still a public health problem? An observational study in Glasgow.自来水中的铅仍然是一个公共卫生问题吗？格拉斯哥的一项观察性研究。
BMJ. 1996 Oct 19;313(7063):979-81. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7063.979.
4
Public health implications of new guidelines for lead in drinking water: a case study in an area with historically high water lead levels.饮用水中铅含量新指南对公共卫生的影响：以一个历史上水铅含量较高地区为例的研究
Food Chem Toxicol. 2000;38(1 Suppl):S73-9. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00137-4.
5
Factors affecting blood lead concentrations in the UK: results of the EEC blood lead surveys, 1979-1981.影响英国血铅浓度的因素：1979 - 1981年欧洲经济共同体血铅调查结果
Int J Epidemiol. 1985 Sep;14(3):420-31. doi: 10.1093/ije/14.3.420.
6
Blood lead concentration and related factors in Korea from the 2008 National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body.来自2008年韩国全国人体环境污染物调查的血铅浓度及相关因素
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014 Nov;217(8):871-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
7
Alcohol consumption and smoking habits as determinants of blood lead levels in a national population sample from Germany.饮酒和吸烟习惯作为德国全国人口样本中血铅水平的决定因素。
Arch Environ Health. 1997 May-Jun;52(3):233-9. doi: 10.1080/00039899709602892.
8
Lead concentration in tap-water and in blood of selected schoolchildren in southern Saxonia.萨克森州南部部分学童自来水中及血液中的铅浓度。
Toxicol Lett. 1994 Jun;72(1-3):325-31. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(94)90044-2.
9
Studies of lead and cadmium exposure in Glasgow, U.K.英国格拉斯哥铅和镉暴露情况的研究
Ecol Dis. 1982;1(2-3):177-84.
10
The effect of lead in tap water on blood lead in children in a smelter town.冶炼厂城镇自来水中铅对儿童血铅的影响。
Sci Total Environ. 1998 Jan 19;209(2-3):255-71.
引用本文的文献
1
Analyzing and Optimizing the Distribution of Blood Lead Level Testing for Children in New York City: A Data-Driven Approach.分析与优化纽约市儿童血铅水平检测的分布：一种数据驱动的方法。
J Urban Health. 2025 Feb;102(1):92-100. doi: 10.1007/s11524-024-00920-5. Epub 2024 Oct 7.
2
Assessment of Lead and Mercury Exposure Levels in the General Population of Korea Using Integrated National Biomonitoring Data.利用综合国家生物监测数据评估韩国普通人群的铅和汞暴露水平。
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 28;18(13):6932. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136932.
3
Variability and sampling of lead (Pb) in drinking water: Assessing potential human exposure depends on the sampling protocol.饮用水中铅（Pb）的变异性和采样：评估潜在的人体暴露取决于采样方案。
Environ Int. 2021 Jan;146:106259. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106259. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
4
Probabilistic estimates of prenatal lead exposure at 195 toxic hotspots in low- and middle-income countries.低、中收入国家 195 个有毒热点地区产前铅暴露的概率估计。
Environ Res. 2020 Apr;183:109251. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109251. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
5
A pharmacokinetic model of lead absorption and calcium competitive dynamics.铅吸收和钙竞争动力学的药代动力学模型。
Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 2;9(1):14225. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50654-7.
6
High-field modulated ion-selective field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors with sensitivity higher than the ideal Nernst sensitivity.具有高于理想能斯特灵敏度的高场调制离子选择性场效应晶体管（FET）传感器。
Sci Rep. 2018 May 29;8(1):8300. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26792-9.
7
A discussion about public health, lead and Legionella pneumophila in drinking water supplies in the United States.关于美国饮用水公共卫生、铅和嗜肺军团菌的讨论。
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jul 15;590-591:843-852. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.164. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
8
Elevated blood lead levels among unskilled construction workers in Jimma, Ethiopia.埃塞俄比亚吉姆马地区非熟练建筑工人的血铅水平升高。
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2014 Mar 19;9(1):12. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-9-12.
9
Childhood lead exposure after the phaseout of leaded gasoline: an ecological study of school-age children in Kampala, Uganda.无铅汽油逐步淘汰后的儿童铅暴露：乌干达坎帕拉学龄儿童的一项生态学研究。
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jun;118(6):884-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901768. Epub 2010 Mar 1.
10
Blood lead slope factor models for adults: comparisons of observations and predictions.成人血铅斜率因子模型：观察值与预测值的比较。
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Dec;106 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):1569-76. doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106s61569.
本文引用的文献
1
Factors influencing household water lead: a British national survey.
Arch Environ Health. 1980 Jan-Feb;35(1):45-51.
2
Influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on blood lead levels.吸烟和饮酒对血铅水平的影响。
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1981;48(4):391-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00378687.
3
Effect of minerals and food on uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract in humans.矿物质和食物对人体胃肠道铅吸收的影响。
Hum Toxicol. 1982 Oct;1(4):411-5. doi: 10.1177/096032718200100407.
4
Effects of alcohol and smoking on blood lead in middle-aged British men.酒精和吸烟对英国中年男性血铅水平的影响。
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 Jan 30;284(6312):299-302. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6312.299.
5
British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns.英国地区心脏研究：24个城镇中年男性的心血管危险因素
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981 Jul 18;283(6285):179-86. doi: 10.1136/bmj.283.6285.179.
6
Blood and water lead in a hard water area.
Lancet. 1981 May 9;1(8228):1047-8. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92204-2.
7
A micro-sampling method for the rapid determination of lead in blood by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.一种通过原子吸收分光光度法快速测定血液中铅含量的微量采样方法。
Analyst. 1970 May;95(130):431-8. doi: 10.1039/an9709500431.
8
Relationship of blood lead in women and children to domestic water lead.
Nature. 1979 Dec 13;282(5740):712-3. doi: 10.1038/282712a0.
9
The contribution of drinking water lead to maternal blood lead concentrations.饮用水对母体血铅浓度的影响。
Clin Chim Acta. 1979 Jul 2;95(1):129-33. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(79)90345-0.
10
Contribution of lead in drinking water to blood-lead.
Lancet. 1977 Sep 24;2(8039):661-2. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92528-4.
Zotero 插件