Arnsten A F, Goldman-Rakic P S
Brain Res. 1984 Jul 23;306(1-2):9-18. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90351-2.
Descending cortical projections to the region of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and the serotonergic dorsal and central superior raphe nuclei were analyzed in the rhesus monkey using anterograde labeling techniques. HRP pellets or tritiated leucine were injected into one of 7 cortical areas: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, the orbital prefrontal cortex, the parietal association cortex, somatosensory cortex, the anterior portion of the inferior temporal gyrus, and the posterior portion of the inferior temporal gyrus. Anterogradely labeled fibers were found in and adjacent to the LC and raphe nuclei only following the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortical injections. Terminal labeling was densest at rostral levels of the LC, particularly in the area directly medial to the nucleus. Labeled fibers could not be followed beyond caudal levels of the LC. The projections to the contralateral LC and raphe nuclei were similar to, but less dense than that to the ipsilateral region. Injections into cortical areas other than the dorsal prefrontal cortex resulted in anterograde labeling of the pontine nuclei or pyramids, but not the LC/raphe region. These data, in conjunction with studies in the rat, suggest that the dorsal prefrontal cortex may be the only cortical area to have direct influence on the LC and raphe nuclei and secondary influence on the monoaminergic innervation of large areas of cerebral cortex.
利用顺行标记技术，在恒河猴中分析了皮质向去甲肾上腺素能蓝斑（LC）区域以及5-羟色胺能背侧和中脑上缝际核的下行投射。将HRP微球或氚标记的亮氨酸注射到7个皮质区域之一：背外侧前额叶皮质、背内侧前额叶皮质、眶前额叶皮质、顶叶联合皮质、躯体感觉皮质、颞下回前部和颞下回后部。仅在背外侧和背内侧前额叶皮质注射后，在LC和缝际核内及附近发现了顺行标记纤维。终末标记在LC的嘴侧水平最密集，特别是在核的直接内侧区域。标记纤维在LC的尾侧水平以下无法追踪到。向对侧LC和缝际核的投射与向同侧区域的投射相似，但密度较低。注射到背侧前额叶皮质以外的皮质区域会导致脑桥核或锥体的顺行标记，但不会导致LC/缝际区域的标记。这些数据与在大鼠中的研究相结合，表明背侧前额叶皮质可能是唯一对LC和缝际核有直接影响，并对大脑皮质大片区域的单胺能神经支配有间接影响的皮质区域。
