Cremers C W, Oudenhoven J M, Marres E H
Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1984 Apr;9(2):119-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1984.tb01484.x.
The four surgical methods currently in use to improve hearing in patients with congenital aural atresia are (i) fenestration of the lateral semicircular canal, (ii) type III tympanoplasty, (iii) canal plasty and (iv) canal plasty with homograft tympanoplasty. Because the surgery is difficult and the functional results are not always good, the criteria for surgery are also influenced as to whether the anomaly is unilateral or bilateral and what the cosmetic goal is. When aural rehabilitation and cosmetic surgery are contemplated, co-ordinated planning by the otological and plastic surgeon is necessary to attain the best end result. Of the 36 ears with a type II anomaly operated on at the University of Nijmegen between 1972 and 1983 by the technique of canal plasty, the average hearing gain was 20 db, with 18 patients having a 35 dB or better air conduction threshold. The functional results seem to be related to the degree of malformation involved. Classification of the malformations has proved to be useful in discussing the surgical results.
（i）外侧半规管开窗术；（ii）III型鼓室成形术；（iii）外耳道成形术；（iv）同种异体鼓膜移植外耳道成形术。由于手术难度大且功能效果并非总是良好，手术标准也会受到异常是单侧还是双侧以及美容目标的影响。当考虑进行听力康复和美容手术时，耳科医生和整形外科医生的协同规划对于获得最佳最终结果是必要的。1972年至1983年间，在奈梅亨大学采用外耳道成形术技术对36例II型异常耳朵进行手术，平均听力增益为20分贝，18例患者气导阈值达到35分贝或更佳。功能结果似乎与畸形程度有关。畸形分类已被证明在讨论手术结果时很有用。
