Gurland H J, Lysaght M J, Samtleben W, Schmidt B, Stoffner D
Life Support Syst. 1984 Jan-Mar;2(1):39-45.
Significant economic and medical drawbacks attend the requirement for infusion of large quantities of exogenous substitution fluid during therapeutic plasma exchange. A variety of physicochemical processes are available for the fractionation of plasma (ultrafiltration, fractional precipitation, adsorption, electrophoresis, selective enzymatic degradation) and we review here their application to 'closed loop' apheresis, a format in which the patient's own plasma is returned after the pathogenic species are removed. The different separation processes vary significantly in their method of action, their specificity, and their status of development. Disposables and hardware for two specific protocols, cascade filtration and cryofiltration, are already commercially available and appropriate for routine clinical use in limited subsets of diseases considered treatable by therapeutic apheresis.
在治疗性血浆置换过程中，大量输注外源性替代液存在显著的经济和医学弊端。有多种物理化学方法可用于血浆分离（超滤、分级沉淀、吸附、电泳、选择性酶降解），我们在此回顾它们在“闭环”血液分离术中的应用，即在去除致病物质后将患者自身血浆回输的一种形式。不同的分离方法在作用方式、特异性和发展状况上有很大差异。两种特定方案（级联过滤和冷冻过滤）的一次性用品和硬件已经商业化，适用于通过治疗性血液分离术可治疗的有限疾病子集的常规临床应用。
