Marcus J, Hans S L, Jeremy R J
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1984;10(2):195-207. doi: 10.3109/00952998409002780.
Infants exposed to methadone in utero were compared to infants of drug-free women at 4, 8, and 12 months on two aspects of their behavior: motor coordination and attention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how differences between the methadone and comparison infants were affected by other family and medical risk factors. No matter what the level of other risk factors, methadone infants showed poorer motor coordination at 4 months and poorer attention at 12 months as a group than comparison infants. Family risk factors, however, did modulate the strength and direction of differences between methadone and comparison infants. After 4 months, methadone infants continued to show poorer motor coordination than comparison infants only in families with poorer resources (such as low SES, maternal psychopathology and low intelligence, absence of father). Poorer early medical resources (pre- and perinatal complications) heightened the differences between methadone and comparison infants at early ages, but by the end of the first year no longer played a role in modulating the drug effect. The authors tentatively conclude that methadone exposure in utero has very limited teratological effects per se on the long-term development of infants, and that the pathology seen in some individual children is probably due to an interaction with other factors.
对子宫内接触美沙酮的婴儿与未接触毒品女性的婴儿在4个月、8个月和12个月时的行为两个方面进行了比较：运动协调性和注意力。本文旨在讨论美沙酮婴儿与对照组婴儿之间的差异是如何受到其他家庭和医学风险因素影响的。无论其他风险因素处于何种水平，作为一个群体，美沙酮婴儿在4个月时运动协调性较差，在12个月时注意力比对照组婴儿差。然而，家庭风险因素确实调节了美沙酮婴儿与对照组婴儿之间差异的强度和方向。4个月后，只有在资源较差的家庭（如社会经济地位低、母亲有精神病理学问题和低智商、父亲缺失）中，美沙酮婴儿的运动协调性仍比对照组婴儿差。较差的早期医疗资源（产前和围产期并发症）在早期加剧了美沙酮婴儿与对照组婴儿之间的差异，但到第一年末，不再在调节药物效应方面发挥作用。作者初步得出结论，子宫内接触美沙酮本身对婴儿长期发育的致畸作用非常有限，一些个体儿童出现的病理情况可能是由于与其他因素相互作用所致。
