De Clercq E, Bergstrom D E, Holy A, Montgomery J A
Antiviral Res. 1984 Jun;4(3):119-33. doi: 10.1016/0166-3542(84)90012-3.
In recent years certain aliphatic and carbocyclic adenosine analogues have been developed which are of potential clinical importance as antiviral agents. This includes (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(S)-DHPA] and carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (C-c3Ado). (S)-DHPA and C-c3Ado are remarkably similar in their antiviral spectrum in that they are particularly active against (-) RNA viruses such as measles, para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and (+/-)RNA viruses such as reo- and rotavirus, whereas (+)RNA viruses such as polio, coxsackie and (+/-)DNA viruses such as herpes simplex are only minimally affected or not inhibited at all. In contrast with (S)-DHPA and C-c3Ado which are quite selective in their antiviral action, other adenosine analogues, i.e., 3-deazaadenosine and 7-deazaadenosine (tubercidin), exhibit little, if any, selectivity as antiviral agents. Also, tubercidin has a broader activity spectrum, encompassing (+)RNA viruses as well as herpes simplex in addition to the (-)RNA viruses. Considering the high antiviral potency of tubercidin, attempts have been undertaken to increase its selectivity, i.e., by chemical substitutions at C-5 of the pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine ring. These attempts have been partially successful.
近年来，已经开发出了某些脂肪族和碳环腺苷类似物，它们作为抗病毒剂具有潜在的临床重要性。这包括（S）-9-（2,3-二羟基丙基）腺嘌呤[（S）-DHPA]和碳环3-脱氮腺苷（C-c3Ado）。（S）-DHPA和C-c3Ado在抗病毒谱方面非常相似，因为它们对诸如麻疹、副流感、呼吸道合胞病毒、狂犬病病毒、水疱性口炎病毒等（-）RNA病毒以及诸如呼肠孤病毒和轮状病毒等（+/-）RNA病毒特别有效，而诸如脊髓灰质炎、柯萨奇等（+）RNA病毒以及诸如单纯疱疹等（+/-）DNA病毒仅受到极小影响或根本不被抑制。与在抗病毒作用方面具有相当选择性的（S）-DHPA和C-c3Ado相反，其他腺苷类似物，即3-脱氮腺苷和7-脱氮腺苷（杀结核菌素），作为抗病毒剂几乎没有选择性。此外，杀结核菌素具有更广泛的活性谱，除了（-）RNA病毒外，还包括（+）RNA病毒以及单纯疱疹病毒。鉴于杀结核菌素的高抗病毒效力，人们已尝试提高其选择性，即通过在吡咯并（2,3-d）嘧啶环的C-5处进行化学取代。这些尝试已取得部分成功。
