Naltrexone treatment of heroin addiction: one-year follow-up.

Pre-treatment characteristics and post-treatment outcome measures were compared for 40 patients who began naltrexone maintenance and 77 who did not after a 6-month period of temporary maintenance on L-alpha-acetylmethadol (methadyl acetate LAAM). Patients who chose to begin naltrexone were younger, had fewer incarcerations and fewer months incarcerated prior to LAAM treatment, had fewer opiate-free months following previous treatments, and were more likely to be of Caucasian ethnicity. One year later, significantly more patients who had received any naltrexone than those who had not were no longer in any treatment program and were opiate-free. We found no significant correlations between total duration of naltrexone-treatment and post-treatment outcome variables such as heroin use, arrests, incarcerations or enrollment in a treatment program.