[Cytology of the urinary tract. A demonstration of indications and cytologic findings in various disease pictures].

Urinary cytology is of great clinical use in unclear cases of haematocyturia, as a screening method for patients with high risk, as a follow-up control after transurethral resection and local cytostatic therapy, as well as for the grading of a transitional cell carcinoma. Primary urothelial tumors of the bladder can be distinguished cytologically up to six months earlier than with the cytoscope, especially in carcinoma in situ. A positive finding during therapy with cytostatic agents indicates a recurrence.