Lichtman H
J Clin Psychol. 1984 Jul;40(4):914-24. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198407)40:4<914::aid-jclp2270400408>3.0.co;2-u.
Examined communication concerning wartime experiences that went on in survivor families. Sixty-four Jewish children of survivors filled out questionnaires on parental communication, as well as the MMPI, Mosher's Forced Choice Scale of Guilt, and Hogan's Scale of Empathy. Findings indicate that mother's willingness to talk about her experiences and the frequency of her communication were related significantly to the presence of negative personality traits in the second generation. Guilt-inducing communication (by both parents), early experiential awareness of the Holocaust, and indirect communication about the Holocaust also were related significantly to negative characteristics. Father's willingness to talk about his experiences and the frequency of his communication, however, were related to positive factors among his offspring. When separated along gender lines, most forms of communication were related to negative personality factors for female, but not male, children of survivors.
研究了幸存者家庭中关于战时经历的交流情况。64名幸存者的犹太子女填写了关于父母交流的问卷，以及明尼苏达多项人格测验（MMPI）、莫舍尔内疚强迫选择量表和霍根共情量表。研究结果表明，母亲谈论自身经历的意愿及其交流频率与第二代消极人格特质的存在显著相关。引发内疚的交流（父母双方）、对大屠杀的早期体验认知以及关于大屠杀的间接交流也与消极特征显著相关。然而，父亲谈论自身经历的意愿及其交流频率与他子女中的积极因素相关。按性别划分，对于女性而非男性的幸存者子女而言，大多数交流形式都与消极人格因素相关。
