Indications and techniques of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in infants and children.

Review of 98 endoscopies done over a 4-year period demonstrated that these procedures aided in the diagnosis and management of infants and children with upper gastrointestinal disorders. Endoscopic indications included evaluation of the esophagus in gastroesophageal reflux, achlasia, and lye ingestion; and evaluation of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Other indications included diagnosis of the site of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and treatment of esophageal varices with sclerotherapy, esophageal strictures with steroid injection and removal of foreign bodies. The majority of the procedures were done under sedation. There were no complications.