Ring J
Klin Wochenschr. 1984 Sep 3;62(17):795-802. doi: 10.1007/BF01711852.
Adverse reactions to foods are not infrequent. They may be mediated by immunological mechanisms (food allergy) or non-immunologically (idiosyncrasy, pseudo-allergy, intolerance). Furthermore toxic effects of foods have to be clearly distinguished from food allergy as well as poorly defined conditions such as hyperkinesis or "tension-fatigue syndrome", the causal relation of which to foods is not well established. The diagnosis of food allergy includes convincing history, positive provocation and demonstration of immunological sensitization (mostly IgE, however other types of immune reactions may also be of importance. In the treatment of food allergy specific elimination diets as well as pharmacotherapy with the use of mast cell blocking agents are recommended. In single cases oral hyposensitization may be tried.
食物不良反应并不罕见。它们可能由免疫机制介导(食物过敏)或非免疫性介导(特异反应性、假过敏、不耐受)。此外,食物的毒性作用必须与食物过敏以及定义不明确的病症如运动亢进或“紧张-疲劳综合征”明确区分,这些病症与食物的因果关系尚未明确确立。食物过敏的诊断包括令人信服的病史、阳性激发试验以及免疫致敏的证明(主要是IgE,然而其他类型的免疫反应也可能很重要)。在食物过敏的治疗中,建议采用特定的排除饮食以及使用肥大细胞阻断剂进行药物治疗。在个别情况下,可以尝试口服减敏疗法。