Fisher M M
Med J Aust. 1984 Sep 1;141(SP5):S8-11. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb133021.x.
The clinical syndrome of anaphylaxis may be produced by a number of mechanisms. The life-threatening clinical features are angioneurotic oedema, bronchospasm, cardiovascular collapse and pulmonary oedema. The initial treatment consists of general resuscitation plus adrenaline. In shock, colloid solutions should be used to restore blood volume. The pulmonary oedema that occurs is a membrane oedema, and should be treated with artificial ventilation, positive end expiratory pressure, and volume replacement. After a reaction, all available tests should be used to determine the cause, and the patient should be given a warning letter describing the evidence for attributing his reaction to the determined cause. (This should be done in addition to the provision of any identification bracelet.) Pharmacological pretreatment is a valid preventive manoeuvre, but is not 100% reliable.
过敏反应的临床综合征可由多种机制引起。危及生命的临床特征为血管神经性水肿、支气管痉挛、心血管虚脱和肺水肿。初始治疗包括一般复苏加肾上腺素。休克时，应使用胶体溶液恢复血容量。发生的肺水肿为膜性水肿，应采用人工通气、呼气末正压和补充容量进行治疗。反应发生后，应进行所有可用的检测以确定病因，并应给患者一封警示信，说明将其反应归因于所确定病因的证据。（除提供任何识别手环外，均应这样做。）药物预处理是一种有效的预防措施，但并非100%可靠。
