Keeler R F, Crowe M W, Lambert E A
Teratology. 1984 Aug;30(1):61-9. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420300109.
Nicotiana glauca, wild tree tobacco, induces arthrogrypotic congenital defects in piglets similar to those induced by Nicotiana tabacum, common tobacco. The present work was conducted to isolate the principal alkaloid of N. glauca, anabasine, in large quantity and good purity and to test the teratogenicity of the compound in pigs. The isolated compound was established to be anabasine and to be of suitable purity by chemical characterization. It proved to be teratogenic. Typical arthrogrypotic defects were induced in 21 of 26 offspring (three of three litters) when dams ingested 2.6 mg of the compound per kg body weight twice daily during the 43rd-53rd days of gestation. Of three dams dosed with 1.66 g/kg/day of the dried plant material during the 43rd-53rd days, one delivered deformed offspring representing one-third of all offspring in that group. These arthrogrypotic defects induced by anabasine were indistinguishable clinically from defects induced by either N. glauca or N. tabacum. In addition, anabasine at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg twice daily or N. glauca plant material at 1.66 gm/kg daily induced cleft palate in over three-fourths of offspring (100% of litters) when dams ingested either during the 30th-37th days of gestation or during longer periods that included those days.
野生树烟草（Nicotiana glauca）会在仔猪中诱发关节挛缩性先天性缺陷，类似于普通烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）所诱发的缺陷。本研究旨在大量且高纯度地分离出N. glauca的主要生物碱——新烟草碱，并测试该化合物在猪身上的致畸性。通过化学表征确定分离出的化合物为新烟草碱且纯度合适。结果证明它具有致畸性。当母猪在妊娠第43至53天期间每天两次摄入每千克体重2.6毫克该化合物时，26只后代中有21只（三窝中的三窝）出现了典型的关节挛缩性缺陷。在第43至53天期间，三只母猪每天每千克体重投喂1.66克干燥植物材料，其中一只产出了畸形后代，占该组所有后代的三分之一。新烟草碱诱发的这些关节挛缩性缺陷在临床上与N. glauca或N. tabacum诱发的缺陷无法区分。此外，当母猪在妊娠第30至37天期间或在包括这些天数的更长时间段内摄入时，每天两次剂量为2.6毫克/千克的新烟草碱或每天1.66克/千克的N. glauca植物材料会在超过四分之三的后代（所有窝的100%）中诱发腭裂。
