Simon R A
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984 Oct;74(4 Pt 2):623-30. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90116-7.
There is a long list of additives used by the pharmaceutical industry. Most of the agents used have not been implicated in hypersensitivity reactions. Among those that have, only reactions to parabens and sulfites have been well established. Parabens have been shown to be responsible for rare immunoglobulin E-mediated reactions that occur after the use of local anesthetics. Sulfites, which are present in many drugs, including agents commonly used to treat asthma, have been shown to provoke severe asthmatic attacks in sensitive individuals. Recent studies indicate that additives do not play a significant role in "hyperactivity." The role of additives in urticaria is not well established and therefore the incidence of adverse reactions in this patient population is simply not known. In double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, reactions to tartrazine or additives other than sulfites, if they occur at all, are indeed quite rare for the asthmatic population, even for the aspirin-sensitive subpopulation.
制药行业使用的添加剂种类繁多。大多数所使用的制剂并未被认为与过敏反应有关。在那些被认为有关的添加剂中，只有对防腐剂和亚硫酸盐的反应得到了充分证实。已表明防腐剂是使用局部麻醉剂后发生的罕见免疫球蛋白E介导反应的原因。亚硫酸盐存在于许多药物中，包括常用于治疗哮喘的药物，已表明会在敏感个体中引发严重的哮喘发作。最近的研究表明，添加剂在“多动”方面不起重要作用。添加剂在荨麻疹中的作用尚未明确，因此该患者群体中不良反应的发生率根本不清楚。在双盲、安慰剂对照研究中，即使是对阿司匹林敏感的亚群体，哮喘患者群体对酒石黄或除亚硫酸盐以外的其他添加剂的反应（如果确实发生的话）实际上也相当罕见。
