Acredolo L P, Adams A, Goodwyn S W
J Exp Child Psychol. 1984 Oct;38(2):312-27. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90128-0.
In two longitudinal studies, infants were trained at 12 and 18 months to find an object hidden in one of two identical wells in a Plexiglas box. On the test trial, normal access was blocked and infants were either guided by their mother or allowed to move on their own to another opening on the opposite side. In Experiment 1 significantly more correct responding occurred after active movement than after passive at 12 months, with correct responding related to high visual tracking. In contrast, at 18 months correct search without tracking predominated among both movement conditions. A difference between the conditions in the position of the mother on the test trial was ruled out as a contributor to performance on the basis of data from Experiment 2. When opaque sides were inserted to prevent tracking in Experiment 3, active movement no longer facilitated correct search at 12 months, thus indicating that the tracking and not the active movement per se was the critical factor.
在两项纵向研究中，婴儿在12个月和18个月大时接受训练，要在一个有机玻璃盒中两个相同的小孔之一里找到隐藏的物体。在测试试验中，正常的通道被堵住，婴儿要么由母亲引导，要么自行移动到对面的另一个开口处。在实验1中，12个月大时，主动移动后出现的正确反应显著多于被动移动后，正确反应与高视觉追踪能力有关。相比之下，在18个月大时，两种移动条件下不进行追踪的正确搜索占主导。根据实验2的数据，排除了测试试验中母亲位置的条件差异是影响表现的因素。在实验3中，当插入不透明的侧面以防止追踪时，12个月大时主动移动不再有助于正确搜索，因此表明追踪而非主动移动本身是关键因素。
