Santiago H C, Wright A A
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1984 Oct;10(4):498-512.
Two pigeons were trained with sets of 70 pairs of color-slide stimuli in a same/different task to perform at least 88% correct; six different sets were used in successive acquisitions. The subjects transferred same/different performance to novel stimuli with 60% accuracy following their six acquisitions; further training and daily changes in the training stimuli revealed 71% transfer to novel stimuli. Four pigeons were trained (88% criterion) in a serial-probe-recognition task with three list items, and the list length was increased with successive acquisitions to four, five, and six list items. Their serial-position functions changed for different delays between the last list item and the test item revealing a recency effect (last items remembered well) for 0-s delay, recency and primacy effects (first items remembered well) for 1- and 2-s delays, and only a primacy effect for a 10-s delay. These results are discussed in relation to human memory performance and theories of memory processing generally.
两只鸽子在一项相同/不同任务中接受了70对彩色幻灯片刺激的训练，以达到至少88%的正确率；在连续的训练中使用了六组不同的刺激。在六次训练后，这些鸽子将相同/不同任务的表现以60%的准确率转移到新的刺激上；进一步的训练以及训练刺激的每日变化显示，转移到新刺激上的准确率为71%。四只鸽子在一项序列探测识别任务中接受训练（标准为88%），任务中有三个列表项，随着连续训练，列表长度增加到四个、五个和六个列表项。对于最后一个列表项和测试项之间不同的延迟，它们的序列位置函数发生了变化，显示出在0秒延迟时的近因效应（最后几项记忆良好），在1秒和2秒延迟时的近因效应和首因效应（第一项记忆良好），以及在10秒延迟时只有首因效应。本文将结合人类记忆表现和一般记忆处理理论对这些结果进行讨论。
