Oudiz D J, Zenick H, Niewenhuis R J, McGinnis P M
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1984;13(4-6):763-75. doi: 10.1080/15287398409530538.
Effects of 2-ethoxyethanol (EE) on semen parameters in male rats were investigated employing an animal model that allowed assessment of toxicity and recovery in the same animal. Prior to exposure, 70-d-old Long-Evans hooded males were placed with ovariectomized, hormonally primed females on several occasions and their copulatory behaviors were monitored and scored. At 100 d of age, these males were mated with females that were sacrificed 15 min postejaculation. The semen sample was recovered from the female reproductive tract and scored for sperm motility, sperm count, and abnormal sperm morphology. Following this preexposure baseline assessment, the males were intubated with 0, 936, 1872, or 2808 mg EE/kg for 5 consecutive days. The males were mated weekly for the next 14 wk. Copulatory behaviors were monitored and ejaculated semen samples analyzed on wk 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14. The males were sacrificed at wk 16 and the testes and epididymides were processed for histological evaluation. Data analyses indicated that EE produced a rapid decline in sperm counts in the two highest groups, with most of the males becoming azoospermic by wk 7. The males in the low dose group also exhibited a significant decrease in sperm counts at this week. Additionally, there was a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology at wk 7 in the low-dose males. Partial or complete recovery was apparent in the sperm parameters by wk 14, as evidenced by an increase in sperm counts and a decrease in abnormal morphology and further supported by epididymal and testicular histological assessment at wk 16. At sacrifice, there were no significant differences between groups on body weights, organ weights, or epididymal sperm counts, except for a significant depression of epididymal weight in the middle dose group. While high doses of EE produced a decline in sperm counts starting after the first week of exposure, the early spermatid-late spermatocyte stages, represented by mature spermatozoa in the wk 7 ejaculates, appeared to be particularly sensitive to this compound. Moreover, most of the males exhibited recovery following this acute dosing regimen.
采用一种能在同一只动物身上评估毒性和恢复情况的动物模型，研究了2-乙氧基乙醇（EE）对雄性大鼠精液参数的影响。在暴露前，将70日龄的Long-Evans带帽雄性大鼠与去卵巢并经激素预处理的雌性大鼠多次放在一起，并监测和记录它们的交配行为。在100日龄时，这些雄性大鼠与雌性大鼠交配，雌性大鼠在射精后15分钟被处死。从雌性生殖道中收集精液样本，并对精子活力、精子数量和异常精子形态进行评分。在进行此次暴露前基线评估后，雄性大鼠连续5天经口给予0、936、1872或2808 mg EE/kg。在接下来的14周内，雄性大鼠每周交配一次。在第1、4、7、10和14周监测交配行为并分析射精的精液样本。在第16周处死雄性大鼠，并对睾丸和附睾进行组织学评估。数据分析表明，EE使两个高剂量组的精子数量迅速下降，到第7周时，大多数雄性大鼠变为无精子症。低剂量组的雄性大鼠在本周精子数量也显著减少。此外，低剂量组雄性大鼠在第7周时异常精子形态显著增加。到第14周时，精子参数明显出现部分或完全恢复，表现为精子数量增加、异常形态减少，第16周附睾和睾丸组织学评估进一步证实了这一点。处死时，除中剂量组附睾重量显著降低外，各组间体重、器官重量或附睾精子数量无显著差异。虽然高剂量的EE在暴露第一周后就使精子数量下降，但以第7周射精中的成熟精子代表的早期精子细胞-晚期精母细胞阶段似乎对该化合物特别敏感。此外，大多数雄性大鼠在这种急性给药方案后表现出恢复。
