Jennings J R
Psychosom Med. 1984 Sep-Oct;46(5):424-40. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198409000-00004.
The cardiovascular responses of male student volunteers varying in the component behaviors comprising Type A were compared in a choice reaction (RT) task. Since the incidence of coronary heart disease is correlated with Type, the relation of cardiovascular responses to these components is of interest. One component of Type A, impatience, was elicited by a choice RT task with long intertrial intervals. A second component, competitiveness, was elicited by varying monetary reward. Instructions were varied to induce both relatively fast, inaccurate, and relatively slow, accurate RTs. Only persons who were high on the Speed--Impatience component of Type A demonstrated variability in second by second heart rate responses when their RTs were paced at different speeds. Type As (Jenkins Activity Survey and Structured Interview) showed sympathetic-like physiologic changes and performed less well during trials requiring accurate, controlled performance when monetary reward was low. Finally, volunteers high in Competitiveness showed greater trial-to-trial cardiac variability than those who ranked low on this component but were less influenced by reward. Individuals high on the Speed--Impatience and Competitiveness components of Type A may show a brief, intense cardiovascular involvement during performance, but an absence of physiologic involvement between trials. In another study using the same paradigm (1), older, impatient volunteers also had altered heart rate responses, but the exact adjustments differed between age groups. A life span developmental perspective on the psychophysiologic adjustment of Type As is advocated.
在一项选择反应（反应时间）任务中，对具有不同A型行为组成部分的男性学生志愿者的心血管反应进行了比较。由于冠心病的发病率与A型行为相关，因此心血管反应与这些组成部分之间的关系备受关注。A型行为的一个组成部分——不耐烦，是通过具有较长试次间隔的选择反应任务引发的。第二个组成部分——竞争心，是通过改变金钱奖励引发的。通过不同的指导语来诱导相对快速、不准确以及相对缓慢、准确的反应时间。只有在A型行为的速度——不耐烦组成部分得分较高的人，当他们的反应时间被设定为不同速度时，其逐秒心率反应才会表现出变异性。A型行为者（通过詹金斯活动调查和结构化访谈评估）表现出类似交感神经的生理变化，并且在金钱奖励较低、需要准确控制表现的试验中表现较差。最后，竞争心强的志愿者与在该组成部分得分低的志愿者相比，表现出更大的逐次试验心脏变异性，但受奖励的影响较小。在A型行为的速度——不耐烦和竞争心组成部分得分较高的个体，在表现过程中可能会出现短暂而强烈的心血管反应，但在各次试验之间没有生理反应。在另一项使用相同范式的研究中（1），年龄较大、不耐烦的志愿者也有心率反应的改变，但不同年龄组的具体调整有所不同。本文倡导从毕生发展的角度看待A型行为者的心理生理调适。
