Buckley B J, Gootman N, Nagelberg J S, Griswold P G, Gootman P M
Am J Physiol. 1984 Oct;247(4 Pt 2):R626-33. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1984.247.4.R626.
The cardiovascular effects of graded arterial or venous hemorrhage were evaluated in developing swine (less than or equal to 1 day, 2-5 days, 1 wk, and 2 wk of age) anesthetized with halothane in 50% N2O-50% O2. Serial 5-ml/kg aliquots of arterial or venous blood were removed at 3- to 4-min intervals to a cumulative total of 20 ml/kg. Tachycardia occurred in most animals. Decreases in aortic pressure to arterial, but not to venous, hemorrhage were age dependent. Renal, femoral, and carotid arterial flows decreased with hemorrhage in all animals; the decreases in blood flow did not differ among the three circulations and were not age dependent. Increases in femoral resistance were obtained to both arterial and venous hemorrhage only in the 2-wk-old group. As the degree of hemorrhage was increased, aortic pressure, regional blood flow, and femoral resistance (2 wk olds) responses were larger in magnitude. Aortic pressure in piglets 1-5 days of age could not be restored to within 20% of the prehemorrhage level at a smaller bleeding volume with arterial than with venous hemorrhage. Pressor responses to norepinephrine (0.5 micrograms/kg) and to bilateral common carotid occlusion were still present after 20-ml/kg hemorrhage. These responses indicate the presence of a progressive maturation-related compensation to the stress of arterial but not venous hemorrhage.
在使用氟烷于50%氧化亚氮 - 50%氧气混合气体中麻醉的不同发育阶段猪（小于或等于1日龄、2 - 5日龄、1周龄和2周龄）中，评估分级动脉或静脉出血对心血管系统的影响。每隔3 - 4分钟按5毫升/千克的剂量依次抽取动脉血或静脉血，累计抽取总量为20毫升/千克。大多数动物出现心动过速。主动脉压力下降对动脉出血而非静脉出血具有年龄依赖性。所有动物出血后肾动脉、股动脉和颈动脉血流均减少；三种循环中的血流减少情况无差异且不依赖年龄。仅在2周龄组中，股动脉阻力对动脉和静脉出血均增加。随着出血程度增加，主动脉压力、局部血流以及股动脉阻力（2周龄组）的反应幅度更大。1 - 5日龄仔猪在动脉出血较静脉出血出血量更小时，主动脉压力无法恢复到出血前水平的20%以内。在出血20毫升/千克后，对去甲肾上腺素（0.5微克/千克）和双侧颈总动脉闭塞的升压反应仍然存在。这些反应表明存在与成熟相关的对动脉出血而非静脉出血应激的渐进性代偿。
