Cooper P A, Rothberg A D, Pettifor J M, Bolton K D, Devenhuis S
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1984 Nov;3(5):749-54. doi: 10.1097/00005176-198411000-00020.
This study compared growth of a group of very low birth weight infants fed a formula specifically developed for such infants (Formula) with another group fed expressed breast milk (EBM). The Formula contained 2.4 g/dl of protein (lactalbumin:casein ratio, 60:40); 4.1 g/dl of fat (40% medium-chain triglycerides); 8.8 g/dl of carbohydrates; and 81 kcal/dl, with more calcium, phosphorus, and electrolytes than are in human milk. Premature babies with birth weights between 1,200 and 1,500 g and gestational age less than 36 weeks were eligible for the study and were fed either pooled EBM or Formula until they reached a weight of 1,800 g. Twenty infants fed EBM and 19 infants fed Formula completed the trial. Weight gain was faster in the Formula-fed infants after a caloric intake of 100 kcal/kg/day was achieved (Formula 27.7 g/day vs. EBM 17.2 g/day; p less than 0.001). Time to reach 1,800 g was 27 days for the Formula group and 39 days for those on EBM (p less than 0.001). Increments in head circumference and skinfold thickness were also greater in the Formula-fed group. Laboratory studies in the two groups of infants showed higher alkaline phosphatase levels, which were not due to vitamin D deficiency, in the EBM-fed infants.
本研究比较了一组喂食专门为极低出生体重婴儿研制的配方奶（配方奶组）和另一组喂食挤出母乳（EBM组）的极低出生体重婴儿的生长情况。该配方奶含有2.4克/分升的蛋白质（乳白蛋白：酪蛋白比例为60:40）；4.1克/分升的脂肪（40%为中链甘油三酯）；8.8克/分升的碳水化合物；以及81千卡/分升，其钙、磷和电解质含量高于人乳。出生体重在1200至1500克之间且胎龄小于36周的早产儿符合研究条件，他们被喂食集合的EBM或配方奶，直至体重达到1800克。20名喂食EBM的婴儿和19名喂食配方奶的婴儿完成了试验。在达到每日每千克体重摄入100千卡热量后，配方奶组婴儿的体重增加更快（配方奶组为27.7克/天，EBM组为17.2克/天；p<0.001）。配方奶组达到1800克体重的时间为27天，EBM组为39天（p<0.001）。配方奶组婴儿的头围和皮褶厚度增加幅度也更大。两组婴儿的实验室研究显示，EBM组婴儿的碱性磷酸酶水平较高，但并非由维生素D缺乏所致。
