Shope G L, Hedrick T E, Geen R G
J Pers. 1978 Mar;46(1):23-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1978.tb00600.x.
Two studies exploring the use of physical/verbal aggression are reported, the first using women and the second using men as subjects. Both studies allowed subjects to choose between and control the intensity of two response modes: verbal aggression (insults) and physical aggression (electric shock). Aggressive style was investigated over two levels of arousal, sex of experimenter, and sex of provocateur-victim. Results indicated that women aggressed discriminatively in the verbal mode as a function of their arousal, while men were capable of aggressing discriminatively in both the verbal and physical modes. Men who had been disagreed with and punished by a female victim-provocateur in the presence of a male experimenter or by a male victim in the presence of a male experimenter demonstrated high levels of physical aggression compared to the other groups.
本文报告了两项关于身体/言语攻击行为的研究，第一项研究以女性为研究对象，第二项研究以男性为研究对象。两项研究均让研究对象在两种反应方式中进行选择并控制其强度：言语攻击（侮辱）和身体攻击（电击）。研究在两个唤醒水平、实验者性别以及挑衅者-受害者性别这几个因素下对攻击风格进行了调查。结果表明，女性会根据自身唤醒水平在言语模式下进行有区别的攻击，而男性则能够在言语和身体两种模式下进行有区别的攻击。在男性实验者在场的情况下，若被女性挑衅者-受害者反对并惩罚，或者被男性受害者反对，男性会表现出比其他组更高水平的身体攻击行为。
