Berglas S, Jones E E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1978 Apr;36(4):405-17. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.36.4.405.
In two closely related experiments, college student subjects were instructed to choose between a drug that allegedly interfered with performance and a drug that allegedly enhanced performance. This choice was the main dependent measure of the experiment. The drug choice intervened between work on soluble or insoluble problems and a promised retest on similar problems. In Experiment 1, all subjects received success feedback after their initial problem-solving attempts, thus creating one condition in which the success appeared to be accidental (noncontingent on performance) and one in which the success appeared to be contingent on appropriate knowledge. Males in the noncontingent-success condition were alone in preferring the performance-inhibiting drug, presumably because they wished to externalize probable failure on the retest. The predicted effect, however, did not hold for female subjects. Experiment 2 replicated the unique preference shown by males after noncontingent success and showed the critical importance of success feedback.
在两项密切相关的实验中，大学生受试者被要求在一种据称会干扰表现的药物和一种据称会提升表现的药物之间做出选择。这种选择是实验的主要因变量指标。药物选择介于解决可解决或不可解决问题的过程以及承诺对类似问题进行的重新测试之间。在实验1中，所有受试者在最初的问题解决尝试后都收到了成功反馈，从而创造了一种成功似乎是偶然的（与表现无关）条件和一种成功似乎取决于适当知识的条件。只有非偶然成功条件下的男性更倾向于选择抑制表现的药物，大概是因为他们希望在重新测试时将可能的失败归咎于外部因素。然而，预测的效果在女性受试者中并不成立。实验2重复了非偶然成功后男性表现出的独特偏好，并显示了成功反馈的关键重要性。
