MacPherson B R, Scott G W, Chansouria J P, Fisher A W
Acta Anat (Basel). 1984;120(3):117-22. doi: 10.1159/000145904.
The muscle layer of the canine gallbladder wall and cystic duct was found to be a three-dimensional meshwork of smooth muscle bundles which appear loosely and irregularly arranged on the mucosal aspect and consolidate to form a homogeneous plate-like layer on the serosal aspect. The muscle bundles are tightly woven around interspersed pockets of loose connective tissue in the gallbladder wall and gradually become loosely arranged with more prominent amounts of intervening connective tissue in the cystic duct. The muscle layer is thickest in the gallbladder wall and becomes progressively thinner out into the cystic duct. No anatomic sphincter was observed. Ultrastructural organization revealed individual muscle fibers to be of irregular profile, often branching, widely spaced with intervening collagen fibers, and having few cell-to-cell contacts.
犬胆囊壁和胆囊管的肌层是平滑肌束的三维网状结构，在黏膜面呈松散且不规则排列，在浆膜面则合并形成均匀的板状层。肌束紧密交织在胆囊壁内散布的疏松结缔组织间隙周围，在胆囊管中随着中间结缔组织增多而逐渐变得排列疏松。肌层在胆囊壁最厚，向胆囊管逐渐变薄。未观察到解剖学上的括约肌。超微结构显示，单个肌纤维形态不规则，常有分支，间距宽，有中间胶原纤维，细胞间接触少。
