Smith G J, Spear N E
Am J Psychol. 1984 Winter;97(4):475-91.
Two experiments with rats investigated the effectiveness of prior-cuing treatments for alleviating forgetting of aversive conditioning. The aim was to see which retrieval cues would be most effective within different contexts. Experiment 1 examined the contexts of classical fear conditioning and instrumental avoidance training. The results indicated that the response components were sufficient to reinstate avoidance training, whereas the unconditioned stimulus (US) was most effective for classical fear conditioning. In Experiment 1, the reinforcer per se was ineffective in reinstating instrumental avoidance training. Experiment 2 manipulated the training context and found that the US could be made an effective prior-cuing treatment for instrumental training if classical conditioning components were more prevalent during training. These results are interpreted to mean that a "critical context" must be reinstated by the cuing treatment if this treatment is to promote retrieval of the memory.
两项以大鼠为对象的实验研究了预先提示处理对减轻厌恶条件反射遗忘的有效性。目的是观察在不同情境下哪些提取线索最为有效。实验1考察了经典恐惧条件反射和工具性回避训练的情境。结果表明，反应成分足以恢复回避训练，而无条件刺激（US）对经典恐惧条件反射最为有效。在实验1中，强化物本身在恢复工具性回避训练方面无效。实验2对训练情境进行了操控，发现如果在训练过程中经典条件反射成分更为普遍，那么无条件刺激可以成为工具性训练的一种有效的预先提示处理。这些结果被解释为意味着，如果这种处理要促进记忆的提取，那么必须通过提示处理恢复“关键情境”。
