Rusch F R, Menchetti B M, Crouch K, Riva M, Morgan T K, Agran M
Appl Res Ment Retard. 1984;5(3):339-51. doi: 10.1016/s0270-3092(84)80055-7.
This study assessed the work behavior of five mentally retarded dishwashers. An ABCBC design was utilized with special educators initially observing the dishwashers (Overt measures). During the B phases these educators observed the same dishwashers' work behavior while a second group of observers, posing as kitchen laborers (coworkers), assessed work behavior, during other periods of the day (Overt or Covert). Finally, during C phases, special educators and coworkers recorded dishwashers working at the same time (Overt and Covert). Results indicated dishwashers worked more when educators observed them. Dishwashers spent less time working when these educators were absent. During the "Overt and Covert" observation phases (Phase C), where covert measures were taken in addition to overt measures (i.e., at the same time and on the same person), covert measures covaried with educators' measures of work performance. These results are discussed with suggestions to initiate a program of research to investigate the use of coworkers in the administration of behavior change methods, in work settings.
本研究评估了五名智障洗碗工的工作行为。采用ABCBC设计，最初由特殊教育工作者观察洗碗工（公开测量）。在B阶段，这些教育工作者观察同一批洗碗工的工作行为，与此同时，另一组观察者伪装成厨房工人（同事），在一天中的其他时段评估工作行为（公开或隐蔽）。最后，在C阶段，特殊教育工作者和同事同时记录洗碗工的工作情况（公开和隐蔽）。结果表明，当教育工作者观察洗碗工时，他们工作得更多。当这些教育工作者不在场时，洗碗工工作的时间更少。在“公开和隐蔽”观察阶段（C阶段），除了公开测量外还采取了隐蔽测量（即，在同一时间对同一人进行测量），隐蔽测量结果与教育工作者对工作表现的测量结果相关。本文讨论了这些结果，并提出了开展一项研究计划的建议，以调查在工作环境中利用同事实施行为改变方法的情况。
