Rusch F R, Morgan T K, Martin J E, Riva M, Agran M
Appl Res Ment Retard. 1985;6(4):389-407. doi: 10.1016/0270-3092(85)90016-5.
The purpose of this study was to teach two mentally retarded employees to perform tasks associated with their jobs. Typically, they served meals during lunch and dinner hours; however, they failed to wipe counters, and check and restock supplies. A self-instructional package, similar to the package introduced by Bornstein and Quevillon (1976), was incorporated to improve their performance in these areas. A multiple-baseline design was utilized in which training was sequentially introduced across subjects. The subjects were taught to ask questions about which tasks needed to be completed, answer their questions, and guide their performance in the task by self-instructing. The self-instructional strategies were introduced just prior to lunch and dinner (30-min period) and during the first 30 min of the lunch and dinner service periods, respectively. During training, both subjects demonstrated that they were capable of rehearsing each of the self-instructional strategies in a specific sequence. Following training, both subjects performed at least one of the three tasks (i.e., wiping counters, checking supplies, restocking supplies) during 84 and 88% of the observed work periods. Additionally, the results of the intervention indicated that both subjects spent more time working and met or exceeded nonprobationary, nonhandicapped coworkers' production standards (social validation measure). The results of this study are compared with those reported by others. Future areas of research are indicated.
本研究的目的是教会两名智障员工完成与其工作相关的任务。通常，他们在午餐和晚餐时间提供餐饮服务；然而，他们没有擦拭柜台，也没有检查和补充用品。采用了一个类似于伯恩斯坦和奎维隆（1976年）推出的自我指导方案，以提高他们在这些方面的表现。采用了多基线设计，其中训练是依次针对不同受试者展开的。教导受试者询问哪些任务需要完成，回答自己的问题，并通过自我指导来引导自己完成任务。自我指导策略分别在午餐和晚餐前（30分钟时间段）以及午餐和晚餐服务期的前30分钟引入。在训练过程中，两名受试者都表明他们能够按照特定顺序演练每一种自我指导策略。训练后，在观察到的工作时间段中，两名受试者在84%和88%的时间里至少完成了三项任务中的一项（即擦拭柜台、检查用品、补充用品）。此外，干预结果表明，两名受试者工作时间更长，达到或超过了非试用期、非残疾同事的生产标准（社会验证指标）。本研究的结果与其他研究报告的结果进行了比较。指出了未来的研究方向。
