Kolka M A, Levine L, Cadarette B S, Rock P B, Sawka M N, Pandolf K B
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1984 Dec;55(12):1107-10.
The effects of saline or atropine injection (2 mg, im) on eccrine sweating and performance time in seven healthy male subjects were evaluated during treadmill walking (1.34 m X s-1) in a hot-dry environment (Ta = 49 degrees C, Tdp = 20.5 degrees C) before and after heat acclimation (HA). Mean skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Tre), and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured. Sweat loss from the skin (Msw) was calculated by changes in body weight. HA resulted in decreased (p less than 0.05) Tre (0.4 degrees C) and HR (17 b X min-1), and increased (p less than 0.05) Msw (16 g X m-2 X h-1) during the saline experiments. Pre-acclimation, Msw was reduced (p less than 0.01) 65% (151 g X m-2 X h-1) with atropine, which resulted in higher (p less than 0.01) Tre (0.4 degrees C) and Tsk (2.8 degrees C). HR was increased 48% (53 b X min-1) by atropine pre-acclimation (p less than 0.01). Post-acclimation, atropine reduced (p less than 0.01) Msw 33% (100 g X m-2 X h-1) and increased (p less than 0.01) HR 63% (62 b X min-1) compared to saline exposures. The change in Tre X min-1 (delta Tre/delta t) was lower (p less than 0.05) in atropine-injected subjects following heat acclimation, and their worktime was improved by an average of 23.5 min (p = 0.08). These data demonstrate that heat acclimation improves the endurance time of atropine-treated subjects in a hot-dry environment. This improvement was, in part, due to the potentiation of sweat gland activity enabling greater evaporative cooling for the same dose of atropine.
在热适应（HA）前后，于炎热干燥环境（Ta = 49摄氏度，Tdp = 20.5摄氏度）下，在跑步机上行走（1.34米/秒）期间，评估了七名健康男性受试者注射生理盐水或阿托品（2毫克，肌肉注射）对出汗和运动时间的影响。持续测量平均皮肤温度（Tsk）、直肠温度（Tre）和心率（HR）。通过体重变化计算皮肤出汗量（Msw）。在生理盐水实验期间，热适应导致Tre（0.4摄氏度）和HR（17次/分钟）降低（p < 0.05），Msw（16克/平方米·小时）增加（p < 0.05）。热适应前，阿托品使Msw降低（p < 0.01）65%（151克/平方米·小时），导致Tre（0.4摄氏度）和Tsk（2.8摄氏度）升高（p < 0.01）。热适应前，阿托品使HR增加48%（53次/分钟）（p < 0.01）。热适应后，与注射生理盐水相比，阿托品使Msw降低（p < 0.01）33%（100克/平方米·小时），HR增加（p < 0.01）63%（62次/分钟）。热适应后，注射阿托品的受试者Tre每分钟变化量（ΔTre/Δt）较低（p < 0.05），其运动时间平均延长23.5分钟（p = 0.08）。这些数据表明，热适应可提高阿托品治疗的受试者在炎热干燥环境中的耐力时间。这种改善部分归因于汗腺活动增强，使得相同剂量的阿托品能够实现更大程度的蒸发散热。
