Leach D H, Ormrod K, Clayton H M
Equine Vet J. 1984 Nov;16(6):522-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb02007.x.
Terminology for the analysis of equine locomotion is reviewed and the most appropriate terms selected for use by research workers in this field. Each cycle of limb movement comprises a stance phase, when the hoof is in contact with the ground, alternating with a swing phase. The stance phase is subdivided at the mid-stance position into an initial decelerative phase followed by a propulsive phase. When the stance phases of different limbs occur concurrently, the term overlap refers to the duration of simultaneous ground contact. Single support is the term used to describe the phase when the limb is in its stance phase unaided by any other limb. A gait consists of a limb coordination pattern repeated at each stride. The start and finish of the stride must be designated as a prerequisite to the determination of stride length, stride duration and stride frequency. In asymmetrical gaits, such as the gallop, the stride as a whole will have a stride stance phase, when one or more limbs are in contact with the ground, and a suspension phase. In symmetrical gaits, such as the trot and pace, the stride consists of left and right stance phases and suspension phases. Advanced placement and advanced lift off measure the time between ground placement and lift off respectively of consecutive limbs. The line of motion indicates the progressive movement of the centre of gravity in the X-Y plane. Measurements in th Y-Z plane, such as line gait and overcrossing, describe the ground placement of the hooves relative to the line of motion. Diagonal width is the distance between diagonal limb pairs in this plane.
对马运动分析的术语进行了综述，并选择了最恰当的术语供该领域的研究人员使用。肢体运动的每个周期包括一个站立期，即蹄与地面接触的时期，与摆动期交替出现。站立期在站立中期被细分为初始减速期，随后是推进期。当不同肢体的站立期同时出现时，术语“重叠”指的是同时与地面接触的持续时间。单支撑是用于描述肢体在没有其他肢体辅助的情况下处于站立期的阶段的术语。步态由每个步幅重复的肢体协调模式组成。步幅的起点和终点必须被指定，这是确定步幅长度、步幅持续时间和步幅频率的前提条件。在不对称步态中，如疾驰，整个步幅将有一个步幅站立期，即一个或多个肢体与地面接触的时期，以及一个悬空期。在对称步态中，如小跑和溜蹄，步幅由左右站立期和悬空期组成。前伸和提前离地分别测量连续肢体着地和离地之间的时间。运动线表示重心在X-Y平面上的渐进运动。在Y-Z平面上的测量，如直线步态和交叉步，描述了蹄相对于运动线的着地情况。对角宽度是该平面上对角肢体对之间的距离。
