Perosa S L, Perosa L M
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1984;20(1):53-68. doi: 10.2190/yy3t-5vjf-1ewt-adk0.
There is a need to integrate career development theory with adult development theory and a need to include females in the research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mid-career crisis from the perspective of Erikson's and Super's theory, and to determine whether there are sex differences distinguishing mid-career changers. The sample consisted of 134 males and females who faced a mid-career crisis. They were categorized into three groups: changed, changing, and persisters representing different points on a decision-making continuum. All participants were given a structured interview, the Ego Identity Scale, the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, the Personality Research Form, and the Career Development Inventory. The results of the data analyses revealed that individuals who changed careers scored significantly higher on identity achievement and affiliation, and there was a significant positive correlation between identity achievement and self-concept. In terms of their vocational development, persisters were concerned with exploration tasks, whereas those who had changed careers described these tasks as declining in importance. In addition, five patterns of transition were identified. No sex differences emerged on the variables, indicating that career change as a pathway to identity achievement is similar for both sexes.
有必要将职业发展理论与成人发展理论相结合，并且有必要将女性纳入研究。本研究的目的是从埃里克森和萨珀的理论视角调查职业中期危机，并确定在区分职业中期改变者方面是否存在性别差异。样本包括134名面临职业中期危机的男性和女性。他们被分为三组：已改变者、正在改变者和坚持者，分别代表决策连续体上的不同点。所有参与者都接受了结构化访谈、自我认同量表、田纳西自我概念量表、人格研究表和职业发展量表。数据分析结果显示，改变职业的个体在身份认同成就和归属感方面得分显著更高，并且身份认同成就与自我概念之间存在显著正相关。在职业发展方面，坚持者关注探索任务，而那些改变职业的人则认为这些任务的重要性在下降。此外，还确定了五种转变模式。在这些变量上未出现性别差异，这表明作为实现身份认同途径的职业改变在两性中是相似的。
