Diener E, Emmons R A
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984 Nov;47(5):1105-17. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.47.5.1105.
Five studies on the relation between positive and negative affect are reported. In Studies 1 and 2 we found that positive feelings were remembered as being nearly independent of negative feelings in the past year, but the two types of affect were moderately negatively correlated for the past month. In Studies 3 and 5, subjects completed daily mood reports for 70 and 30 days, respectively. In Study 4, subjects completed three-week, daily, and moment mood reports and also filled out reports when they experienced strong emotions. The principal finding was that the relation between positive and negative affect differed greatly depending on the time frame. The strongest negative correlation between the two affects occurred during emotional times. The correlation decreased in a linear fashion as the time span covered increased logarithmically. It appears that positive and negative affect are independent in terms of how much people feel in their lives over longer time periods. Researchers need to focus on the processes that underlie both positive and negative affect and that are responsible for producing their relative independence.
报告了五项关于积极情绪与消极情绪之间关系的研究。在研究1和研究2中，我们发现，在过去一年里，积极情绪被记忆为几乎与消极情绪无关，但在过去一个月里，这两种情绪呈中度负相关。在研究3和研究5中，受试者分别完成了70天和30天的每日情绪报告。在研究4中，受试者完成了为期三周的每日即时情绪报告，并且在经历强烈情绪时也填写了报告。主要发现是，积极情绪与消极情绪之间的关系因时间框架的不同而有很大差异。这两种情绪之间最强的负相关出现在情绪波动时期。随着所涵盖的时间跨度以对数方式增加，相关性呈线性下降。看来，在较长时间段内人们在生活中的感受方面，积极情绪和消极情绪是相互独立的。研究人员需要关注积极情绪和消极情绪背后的过程，以及导致它们相对独立的原因。
